Hardware

What are those devices called and what are they used for? Here are some helpful links I use:

Gallery of Medical Devices, Part 1. Radiographics.

Gallery of Medical Devices, Part 2. Radiographics.

Ortho Atlas from University of Washington

Blount’s disease

• tibia vara, causes genu varum.
• metaphyseal-diaphyseal angle >11 degrees
• bilateral ~infantile type
• pain in adolescent

MRI Hand and Wrist anatomy link

A nice PDF link to an old radiographics article diagraming MRI hand and wrist anatomy in a concise fashion: http://radiographics.rsna.org/content/8/6/1171.full.pdf

Red Marrow

• more water content, bright on T2
• amorphous and feathery, flame shaped
• metaphyseal and metadiaphyseal
• smoking and obesity, middle aged females

MRI Ankle Checklist

Great post at RadDaily.com about MRI Ankle….

MRI Shoulder Checklist

Great post at RadDaily.com about MRI Shoulder…

MRI Knee Checklist

Extensor mechanism:

• patellar cartilage (axial T2 SPIR, sag PD)
• femoral trochlear cartilage (axial T2 SPIR, sag PD)
• patellar tendon / quad tendon (sag PD)
• effusion, meniscal and synovial cysts (T2W sequences)
• meniscii (PD sequences)

Ligaments:

• ACL – (ax T2 SPIR, sag PD, sag T2 SPIR)
• PCL – (ax T2 SPIR, sag PD, sag T2 SPIR)
• MCL, LCL – (coronal PD)

Lateral Compartment:

• Femoral Condylar Cartilage (sag and coronal PD and sag T2)
• Lateral Meniscus – (coronal PD and sag T2 SPIR)

Medial Compartment:

• Femoral Condylar Cartilage (sag and coronal PD and sag T2)
• Medial Meniscus – (coronal PD and sag T2 SPIR)

Other:

• Baker’s cyst (Ax T2 SPIR)
• Knee effusion (sag T2 SPIR)
• Prepatellar edema

Taken from: RadDaily.com

See dictation

Bankart and Bankart variant lesion

Classification of Bankart and Bankart variant lesions. a Bankart lesion, b bony Bankart lesion, c Perthes lesion, d ALPSA (anterior labro-ligamentous periosteal sleeveavulsion) lesion, e GLAD (glenolabral articular disruption) lesion, f HAGL (humeralavulsion of glenohumeral ligaments) lesion. (LLC anteroinferior labro-ligamentous complex, P scapular periosteum, HH humeral head, AC articular cartilage of glenoid,IGHL inferior glenohumeral ligament)

Skeletal Dysplasia

Differential diagnoses of skeletal dysplasias based on clinical, radiographic and ultrasound findings.
	Skull	Thorax	Limbs	Spine	Pelvis
Achondrogenesis Type IA (Houston-Harris)	poorly ossified	short, round chest with multiple rib fractures	very short, broad tibiae & fibulae, wedge-like femora with proximal metaphyseal spike	unossified vertebral bodies	hypoplastic arch-like iliac bones with short vertical ischia
Achondrogenesis Type IB (Fraccaro),	poorly ossified	short chest with thin ribs, cupped ends, no fractures	very short with trapeziod femora, crenated tibiae, unossified fibulae	unossified vertebral bodies	hypoplastic crenated iliae
Achondrogenesis Type II (Langer-Saldino)	large calvarium with posterior ossification defect	barrel-shaped, with short ribs	very short with mild-moderate metaphyseal changes, long fibulae	thoracolumbar ossification	short iliae, flat acetabular roots, unossified pubic bones, ossified ischia
Kniest dysplasia	frontal flattening, maxillary hypoplasia, shallow orbits	short ribs	club-like metaphyses, delayed ossification of femoral heads	diffuse flattening, coronal clefts	small ilia, increased acetabular angles with irregular edges
Thanatophoric dwarfism	frontal bossing+ clover-leaf skull	narrow, pear-shaped,	short, bowed, with metaphyseal flaring	normal ossification	small sacrosciatic notches, spiculated acetabulum
Osteogenesis Imperfecta, Type II	soft and membranous	flail chest at birth	short	fracture liability	normal
Achondroplasia	megalocephaly	slight rib flaring	rhizomelic, with leg bowing, trident hands	thoracolumbar kyphosis, lordosis	short iliac wings
Hypochondroplasia	normal	normal	short	vertebral canal narrowed	normal
Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia	normal	short barrel chest, + pectus carinatum	mild rhizomelic shortening with bowing	severe kyphoscoliosis	retarded ossification of pubic bones
Asphyxiating thoracic dysplasia	Normal	narrow, long, short anteriorly cupped ribs	+ post-axial polydactyly, variably short	normal	square, short iliae, flat acetabulae
Hypophosphatasia	thin and membranous	markedly reduced ossification, short	short with bowing, long bones are frayed	poor ossification with hypoplastic vertebrae	normal

http://www.sonoworld.com

Lytic Bone Lesions Based on Margin

Geographic IA: (well defined, geographic, sclerotic)

• bone cyst
• brodie abscess
• cartilage lesions (chondroblastoma, chondromyxoid fibroma, enchondroma)
• fibroxanthoma
• fibrous dysplasia

Geographic IB: (no sclerosis)

• giant cell tumor
• myeloma/mets
• bone cyst
• cartilage lesions

Geographic 1C: (ill-define border, single focal lesion)

• chondrosarcoma
• enchondroma
• MFH/ibrosarcoma
• Giant cell tumor/ABC/CMF
• Osteosarcoma
• Mets/myeloma

Permeative/Motheaten:

• Ewing sarcoma
• round cell tumors
• malignant fibrous histiocytoma/fibrosarcoma
• osteomyelitis
• osteosarcoma
• Langerhans cell histiocytosis
• mets/myeloma

3 Phase Bone Scan Interpretation

3 phases: Flow, Blood Pool, Delayed

• Cellulitis: +/+/-
• Osteomyelitis: +/+/+
• Fracture: +/+/+
• Noninflammatory: -/-/+

Vertebra Plana MELTs

• Metastasis, myeloma
• Eosinophilic granuloma
• Lymphoma
• Trauma / TB

Wormian Bones

P O R K  C H O P S

• Pyknodysostosis
• Osteogenesis Imperfecta
• Rickets
• Kinky Hair syndrome
• Cleidocranial dysplasia
• Hypothyroid, hypophosphatemia
• Otopalatodigital syndrome
• Primary acro-osteolysis
• Syndrome, Down

Soft Tissue Differential

• MFH
• synovial sarcoma
• lymphoma
• metastasis
• liposarcoma
• nerve sheath tumor
• desmoid

Erlenmeyer flask deformity differential

• hemglobinopathies
• anemia
• fibrous dysplasia
• Gaucher’s disease
• Niemann Pick’s disease
• osteopetrosis
• craniometaphyseal dysplasia
• heavy metal poisoning

Pellegrini Stieda Lesion

• curvilnear calcification or ossification adjacent to femoral attachment of MCL
• old MCL injury

Hip Columns

Craniosynostosis

• premature fusion of cranial suture
• sagittal > coronal > metopic >>> lambdoid
• “reverse Klingon sign” = Sagittal synostosis
  • elongated AP = dolichocephaly, scaphocephalic
• Coronal synostosis
  • unilateral: plagiocephaly, “harlequin” appearance of orgit
  • bilateral: brachycephaly
• Metopic synostosis
  • triagular head configuration = trigonocephaly
• Apert’s syndrome
  • Klebblattschadel = closure of coronal, lambdoid, and sagittal sutures = “clover-leaf” deformity of the skull
• Crouzon’s disease = craniofacial dysostosis
• Tracher Collins syndrome = mandibulofacial dysostosis
  
  

Child Abuse Nonaccidental Trauma

• skull fractures: depressed, bilateral, healing
• intracranial hemorrhage: subdural hematoms, other
• cerebral infarction, anoxic brain injury
• retinal hemorrhages
• metaphyseal corner fractures
• posterior rib fractures
• scapular fractures
• spiral fractures of long bones

Paget’s Disease

• middle/elderly age
• M>F
• stages
  • osteolytic stage
  • mixed
  • osteoblastic stage
  • inactive
• Cortical thickening
• Trabecullar thickening
• Expansile
• Uniform and continuous
• osteoporosis circumscripta
• DDx: fibrous dysplasia (kids), metastases, hyperostosis frontalis
• neoplasm within pagetoid bone: sarcomatous degeneration, giant cell tumor, myeloma, lymphoma, metastases
• hot on bone scan
• read more