Aspergillosis Spectrum
- fungus ball
- preexisting cavity, bulla, bronchiectasis
- saprophytic
- sarcoidosis, CF
- Hemoptysis
- round opacity within cyst or cavity
- air crescent
- mobile
- pleural thickening
Semiinvasive Aspergillosis
- Mildly immunosuppressed hosts
- focal consolidation > cavity > air crescent > thick-walled cyst > fungus ball
Invasive Aspergillosis
- Immunocompromised hosts
- granulocytopenia
- single or multiple nodules
- cavitation
- air crescent
- “Halo” sign on CT
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis
- Hypersensitiviy reaction to aspergillus in mucous plugs
- mucoid impaction
- asthmatic patients
- lobar consolidation
- chronic, upper lobe scarring and bronchiectasis
Hardware
What are those devices called and what are they used for? Here are some helpful links I use:
Gallery of Medical Devices, Part 1. Radiographics.
Cord Insertion Types
Required element in a complete >14wk OB ultrasound report.
Cord Insertion types: central, eccentric, marginal, and velamentous
Hypertrophic Olivary Degeneration
- signal within the medullary olive due to transsynaptic degeneration from lesions along the Guillaine-Molaret triangle
- seen after posterior fossa tumor resection (link)
- akin to Wallerian degeneration
Blount’s disease
- tibia vara, causes genu varum.
- metaphyseal-diaphyseal angle >11 degrees
- bilateral ~infantile type
- pain in adolescent
Vascular Anomalies, ISSVA Classification
2 categories: vascular tumors or vascular malformations. Distinction determines therapy.
Vascular Tumors
- infantile hemangiomas: grow rapidly after birth, GLUT1+
- congenital hemangiomas (RICH and NICH): fully mature at birth, GLUT1-
- Tufted angioma
- Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma
- Spindle cell hemangioendotheliomas
- Dermatologic acquired vascular tumors
Vascular malformations (slow)
- capillary malformation (port-wine stain, telangiectasia, angiokeratoma)
- venous malformation
- lymphatic malformation
Vascular malformations (fast)
- arterial malformation
- arteriovenous fistula
- arteriovenous malformation
Status Marmoratus
Status marmoratus is the presence in full-term infants of basal nucleus lesions resulting from acute total asphyxia. The lesions have a marbled appearance caused by neuronal loss and an overgrowth of myelin in the putamen, caudate, and thalamus. – wiki
MRI Hand and Wrist anatomy link
A nice PDF link to an old radiographics article diagraming MRI hand and wrist anatomy in a concise fashion: http://radiographics.rsna.org/content/8/6/1171.full.pdf
Persistent fetal origin of PCA
The best picture of persistent fetal origin of the PCA I can find on the net…
- PCA originates from ICA, rather than basilar artery
- 15% of people
Categories and Causes of Hydrocephalus
Pediatric specific causes of hydrocephalus…
Pituitary Hyperplasia
- convex superior margin of pituitary
- upper limits of normal CC dimension
- lactating women: 12 mm
- menstruating women: 10 mm
- males/postmenopause: 8 mm
- infants: 6 mm
- DDx: Turner, Klinefilters, hypothyroidis, Addison, end-organ failure.
Wilm’s Tumor
- Age: 80% <6yo; most common abdominal neoplasm 1-8 yo.
- Appearance: solid mass in kidney (claw sign), pushing away vessels, not crossing mid-line
- IVC and renal vein thrombosis
- Mets to lung, liver, brain, bone
- Staging
- I = confined to kidney
- II = local extension to perinephric space
- III = lymph nodes
- IV = distant mets
- V = bilateral renal
- DDx: neuroblastoma (crosses mid-line, encases vessels, calcify), multilocular cystic nephroma, sarcoma, RCC, nephroblastomatosis, mesoblastic nephroma, AML, renal medullary carcinoma
Red Marrow
- more water content, bright on T2
- amorphous and feathery, flame shaped
- metaphyseal and metadiaphyseal
- smoking and obesity, middle aged females
Spinal Mass Differential
A. Intradural, Intramedullary: astrocytoma, ependymoma, hemangioma, cavernoma, dermoid/epidermoid
B. Intradural, Extramedullary: nerve sheath tumors, meningioma
C. Extradural: bone neoplasm, mets, abscess, TB, hematoma, disk, synovial cyst, lipomatosis, neuroblastoma/ganglioneuroma
Lung Cancer Staging
New 7th Edition of for Lung Cancer Staging, Radiographics Sept 2010.
